Which federal organization tracks asbestos-related illnesses among workers?

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the correct choice because it plays a critical role in researching and tracking occupational hazards, including those related to asbestos exposure. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is specifically tasked with conducting studies and providing recommendations for preventing work-related illnesses and injuries. It monitors trends in asbestos-related diseases, conducts surveillance and research, and helps develop guidelines for safe practices in workplaces that may expose employees to asbestos.

While other organizations mentioned also deal with aspects of asbestos and workplace safety, NIOSH is uniquely focused on the health effects of occupational exposures and plays a direct role in tracking illnesses related to those exposures, including those caused by asbestos.